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Banda the Dark Forgotten Trail (2017)
Nusantara,
the largest archipelago on earth has long been the point where the rest of the world sets their eyes on. For its richness and natural beauty. A piece of heaven at the equator listed in history as the spark that ignited the clashes of the European nations which to this day made Indonesia colonized, stripped, and looted through political and trade agreements. Which ultimately leaves a nation and people who never truly enjoyed the blessings of wealth and prosperity of their own homeland. When most of the world was still shrouded in darkness, spices have already been one of the inseparable parts of human life. For centuries, the spice-producing islands were covered with dense fog. And only lived in wild imaginations of story tellers. The Book Nathanief's Nutmeg mentioned that those islands have such tantalizing aromas which were sensed far even before they are visible. The same aroma whiffed from the Holy Books of Bible and The Koran Chinese traders carried the spices hidden at the bottom of silk piles. Arabian merchants made up stories about cannibals and head-hunter savages. The rivalry between the Portuguese and the Spaniards in discovering the spice-producing islands. Brought the world to the greatest diplomatic treaty the world has ever seen. The world is divided into two parts according to the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494). The western part for Spain and the Eastern part for Portugal. Bartolomeu Diaz was sailing in circles around Cape Hope in 1483 Christopher Columbus was actually trying to find his way to the Indies when he got lost and discovered the American continent in 1492. In 1497, Britain took part in the search for the direct route but John Cabot only managed to reach North America. While the Portuguese Vasco da Gama succeeded in arriving to Calcutta a year later. The fall of the spice trade centered in India and Malacca to the Portuguese. Had opened larger windows of possibility for Europe to find spice-producing islands. Alfonso deAlbuquerque ordered two fleets Under the leadership of Antonio deAbreu and Fransesco Sarrao to conduct further expeditions to the East. They sailed from Goa (India) to Malacca. All the way through Madura, Bali, Lombok and Aru and finally to Banda. Within the same year, other Portuguese fleets also arrived at Ternate. The discovery of the spice islands of Banda and Ternate had worsened the rivalry between Spain and Portugal. The feud was resolved with the allocation of territory. Spanish territory stretched from Mexico westward to the Philippines archipelago. And Portuguese territory stretched from Brazil eastward to the Moluccan islands as ruled by the Treaty of Zaragoza. Less than a century earlier the arrival of the Portuguese and Spanish in the Spice Islands, the Dutch and English arrived and attempted to also claim their power over the place. This sea line was what later became the start of the world maritime route to this day. Making the position of the spice route as far more important than the silk road. The end of the crusade marked the beginning of the most speculative era of exploration ever seen in human history Its mysterious existence, the ever-increasing demand, and the very expensive price then has made the spice islands heavily sought after. Europe intends to break the monopoly of Arab merchants which had lasted for hundreds of years by discovering the paradise they had imagined. After 1500, no more spices were owned without bloodshed, as written by the French poet Voltaire. The spices which were more precious than gold have driven major world expeditions to discover new territories. Even almost 500 years before the Apollo 11 landed on the moon, expeditions in search for the spice-islands still became the single most important journey for mankind. The Banda archipelago consists of 11 islands: Banda Api Great Banda Banda Neira Hatta formerly known as Rozengain. Ai Island Run Island Syahrir island, formerly known as Pulau Pisang (Banana Island). The last four islands are inhabited: Nailaka. Manukang. Karaka. And Batu Kapal island. Once upon a time, The sky dropped the nutmeg for the Banda People. In the legend of the most widely spoken language. There was a Prince who fell in love madly with a beautiful Princess named Cilu Bintang. The prince was asked to bring 99 pieces of gold. However, he has not been able to find any, he picked up 99 goldenish fruits that he found in the forest and brought them to the King. The King got enraged. He arrested and killed the Prince. That 99 goldenish fruits were thrown into the middle of the forest, And grow as nutmeg trees. Banda was mentioned in the Nagara kret agama in 1365 written as Whndan. This cluster of volcanic islands formed by a great ancient eruption was also mentioned in book 16 and 17 of Babad Tanah Jawi. Through the story of a prince who suffered from a terrible dermal condition and would not heal before he married a Bandanese woman. Banda became the center of spice trade especially nutmeg and cloves at that time. The people of Banda did not only sell their nutmegs and maces for a living, but they were also superior sailors, buying cloves from Ternate and selling them in Banda. The trade grew overwhelmingly out of control to the extent of chaos and began to create conflicts. Later came the influence of Ternate and Tidore which led to the establishment of clans namely Group of Five and Group of Nine. Group of Five later to be called Orlima, Group of Nine which later was called Orsma. This was the sociological groupings of society commonly known in the Moluccas. One of the interesting things is, there was a group formed to act as a neutralizing force, to avoid conflict between the groups and coordinate them. This neutral group was called Unatang. All trade-related issues were resolved by the Unatang council. In addition the council also determined equitable price of nutmeg across the islands, which was agreed by all traders and contributed to the stability of the nutmeg trade in that region. In trading, people of Banda although they transacted with merchants, in large numbers of transactions but never used written agreement. The deals were sealed with oaths between the sellers and buyers. Merchants who wanted to buy spices, nutmeg, mace or cloves from Ternate just raised their hand to the sky and agree before God Almighty that the seller is willing to sell nutmeg for said price to the buyer. Like the cloves in the north, nutmeg and mace were brought around the world thousands of miles away. Fleets of boats of various types and sizes sailed back and forth indicating that spices were such a highly valuable commodity Nutmeg in Banda is Myristica fragrans, the type with the strongest taste and aroma. And in terms of shape, we categorize nutmeg into several types. Male Nutmeg and Female Nutmeg. Male Nutmeg sometimes produce more fruits than the females, but male trees do not always bear fruits in a season. So farmers in Banda tend to utilize less male nutmeg because the think the harvesting time is too long. To avoid direct sun, the nutmeg trees in Banda need protection. Since nutmeg is susceptible to direct sunlight, the nutmeg farmers need to prepare natural shades to protect nutmeg trees, so they plant walnut trees, which are larger than the nutmeg trees. In Banda, nutmeg is an endemic plant because they match the volcanic soil of Banda The main requirements for planting nutmeg are volcanic soil and sea breeze. Because if we plant elsewhere, other than Banda or on the larger island. That also contains volcanic soil such as Central Java, in Ungaran area. There is a Banda nutmeg cultivation there, same type of volcanic soil. But the harvest would be different. Because Ungaran is far from the sea. Different in Banda, Banda closer to the sea breeze is also supported by the volcanic ash in the soil. That's what makes Banda superior. There is another location that is maybe a bit more suitable, the result is almost the same, that is Banda Aceh. It has the same combination of sea breeze and volcanic ash but the quality is still below Banda nutmegs. Why is nutmeg so important and valuable? Long before electricity and refrigerators were discovered, nutmeg was the only food preservative, even Egyptian mummies were preserved with spices, one of which was nutmeg. Nutmeg serves as a food preservative, aphrodisiac, sedative, as a status symbol of the rich. In the days of war and exploration of the earth Nutmeg is useful to preserve food during the war and in the long journey in search for new continents. There was a saying that goes: Masters of nutmegs will rule the world. None of the nutmeg parts are wasted, we can process all parts of it. The outer nutmeg flesh can be used to make syrup, sweets, juices, jams, and so forth, or snacks and soft drinks. The seeds are now widely processed for aromatic oil as one of the ingredients of cosmetics. Nutmeg is good for skin, you know, as a moisturizer. Hospitals also need it for medicines because nutmeg has myristicin content. It's good as a sedative. On the outside, is the mace, the mace, attached to the nutmeg is good for food additives, and needed by large companies for the aroma of their famous soft drink brands. So, nutmeg is very functional, no part is wasted even the leaves can be processed into oil. That is the advantage of nutmeg over all other trees, It's different. From leaf, to the seed can be processed to make money. Now the famous nutmeg which started journeys around the globe is now forgotten and leaves only memories of past glory A glory followed by a story of great fall from grace and the emergence of the history of seizure. Hidden whispers of power and greed. In the 1500s, people were fighting over this region of the Moluccas because of cloves and nutmeg Spices became a very important commodity The position of the Moluccas at that time, including Banda, became important. Banda as producer of nutmegs, Ternate & Tidore, with cloves. The world market was really located here. The establishment of sultanates throughout the Nusantara was because of the spices. The establishment of a large Dutch and Spanish emporium in Asia was the result oi spices. On one side, it brought prosperity but on the other hand it sparked terrible wars. The discovery of the Banda Islands by the Portuguese, opened a new chapter of spice trade. European merchants rapidly broke the hegemony of Arab traders who for centuries reaped huge profits. Huge profits from trading spices attracted traders from many countries to the nutmeg-producing islands. Nutmeg became one of the most sought after commodities. For hundreds of years, nutmeg has become a freely traded commodity Prior to the arrival of the European nations nutmeg trees were not arranged in plantation model but were managed together for collective prosperity The arrival of Europeans was followed by abandonment of a barter system, a monetary system as a medium of exchange began to be used. The Dutch tendency to master and monopolize things Banda people treated them differently. They accepted the Chinese, the Persians, the Arabs, the Malays, the Indians, the Coromandels, they accepted them as ordinary merchants but their service is different to the Portuguese and the Dutch. Their discontent was sparked by the Europeans' desire to force Banda people to sell their nutmegs or cloves only to the Europeans. Banda people did not like this. They were used to free trade. When the Dutch began to make a logie, a container of spices made of concrete, that was when they began to protest. The conflicts started in 1609. Jan Pieterszoon Coen with his massive fleet entered Banda, his base was on the island of Naira. The first area conquered was the most powerful stronghold. The first day's attacks failed miserably. He attacked from the front. At the time of attack, the sea level at Lontor was receded. The sea water receded far from the shoreline, and the harbor is dry Many Dutch soldiers were trapped and killed. The next day, the Dutch changed position to attack from the back. Then a great battle happened there and with different weapon technology they successfully conquered Lontor. After Lontor was conquered, other areas started to panic, they were hopeless and started to feel that they would also be defeated too. The Arabs, the Chinese, the Malays they were united with the Bandas to fight the Dutch. Then they agreed with the Dutch to meet and discuss about the problems that occurred there was a forced contract of the price, and forced monopoly of spices. Then the Dutch came to where the appointment took place. But when they arrived, people of Banda ambushed them. Vemoeven himself was killed there. Jan Pieterzoon Coen, one of Vemoeven's men, was there and he witnessed the event. About 20 Dutch were killed. Jan Pieterzoon Coen, then a sergeant managed to escape to the ship. He was later appointed governor-general and determined to destroy the people of Banda. The city of Amsterdam which is called the canal chy Grachtengordel luxury homes it is impossible if they say they didn'! get any money from the nutmeg trade and slavery You can say that the contributions from Banda, from the Moluccas were generally quite large and the people here in Banda fell victims to VOC policies. Dutch people then had been educated with the VOC idea, VOC was a very modern company They were the resources to develop the technique. For example, ship technique or technique of mapping the world, Amsterdam was the center the VOC at the time, Their world mapping experts and their works were spread all over the world. So were sophisticated VOC ships. Dutch people knew about it but only a few knew what VOC really did in Banda, which was mass slaughter. Many people are less knowledgeable, One of the many things that come out that's what the VOC did in Banda is mass slaughter. There is a statue of Jan Pieterszoon Coen in his home town the city of Hoorn. There is a group of activists who paint 'Genocide' on the statue. There were 40 community leaders arrested and taken to the town. All remaining Bandanese people were forced to come to witness their executions. Five of the captives were executed by being 'torn apart'. So, there were 4 horses. One horse tied up with right hand. One horse tied up with left hand, other horse tied up with right foot, the last horse tied up with left foot. Then, all horses ran in different directions. Their bodies were torn apart, and seen by Bandanese people. The rest of the captives were executed by Japanese mercenaries called Shoguns. These Japanese mercenaries beheaded all the remaining captives and most of them came from rich families in Banda. And since then, there were no more rebellions. A Dutch historian wrote that Jan Pieterzoon Coen wrote the history of himself with the ink made from the blood of Banda people. The enforcement of power and the monopoly of spices by European were always followed by acts of violence that occur almost in all regions of the archipelago. The news of Vemovews death spread along the trade routes this caused anger and was seen as warning sign for the Dutch armada in cities as well as fortresses. This event maybe the way Banda people protect themselves from the Dutch's monopolistic attitude. The Bandanese became rejectful to European immigrants, for it was prophesied that one day the islands would be dominated by cat-eyed people with hair the color of corn. The vengeful Jan Pieterszoon Coen vowed to conquer the Spice Islands. "D0 not be discouraged do not show mercy to your opponent for God is with us. The massacre committed by Jan Pieterszoon Coen in 1621 was the first genocide ever occurred in Nusantara which also became the beginning of colonization and the slavery Of the 15.000 residents of Banda, only 1,000 people remained. Most were killed, others fled and some were taken to Batavia to become slaves. And to this day, it is hard to find indigenous people of Banda archipelago. When will come the time that will make my happiness? When will the bell strike the hour! The moment l will see again the shores of my country, The bosom of my family that l love and bless. Chanes Rumpley A suicide note from a Frenchman, etched into a pane glass window at the palace previously owned by a Governor. Despaired in isolation on Banda Island and longing for his hometown. The writing was made with his ring, before he finally decided to hang himself on a chandelier, September 1511 The Dutch controlled the fortresses located in almost all strategic regions. The 12 fortresses in Banda Neira & Banda Besar were Fort Dender or Fort Morgenster Fort Lakui, Fort Salomon or Frt Kuilenburg, Fort Batavia, Fort Calombo or Fort De Kop, Fort Oering or Fort Storm, Benteng Kola or Fort De Pot, Fort De Post or Fort Kampung Baru, Fort Belgica, Fort Concordia, Fort Hollandia, and Fort Nassau which was initially built by the Portuguese and then continued by the Dutch. The existence of the fortresses in Banda confirmed the importance of Banda in the 15th to 17th century, Banda was considered very important. Actually, the islands are small lf we see also the size of Belgica Nassau is also quite large. That signifies that Banda at that time was very important especially there was competition between Dutch and English. Banda's position in the history of the world, the history of world trade at the time, was immense. The Nassau fortress was named after '0ranje' family name. Family name of the Queen and King of the Netherlands, stands for Oranje-Nassau. Belgica's name is taken from the tribe name, Belgen. As for Batavia, the name was taken from the Bataven tribe encountered by the Romans 2000 years ago when they were traveling from Rome to the north to meet the tribe. And Julius Caesar and others wrote that these tribe's members are people who love freedom who are willing to fight furiously for independence. VOC at the time had taken Belgica, Batavia as a sign of their pride. Therefore, they took Belgica to be their fort here. If we see the symptom of slavery in Indonesia, Banda would immediately appear. All of the indigenous people of Banda were killed or fled or were sold as slaves in 1621. The harvesting of nutmeg was performed using hard labor, thousands of slaves were brought from the Indonesian archipelago as well as from abroad. Banda's position in the history of the world, was the history of world trade at the time & was immense. And the war between the Netherlands and Britain that occurred several times in the 17th century was also to see who could control the territories especially the oceans in the world. VOC desperately did not want Britain to have a place here therefore even though Netherlands and England were allies in Europe, against Spain but in Banda the Dutch desperately tried to drive the English out. So, Nassau is taken from the family name of Orange, Belgica as a sign of pride, and also there is another one, Hollandia which of course taken from the name Holland. While Concordia, was derived from the word accordance. After controlling almost the entire territory of Banda archipelago. The Dutch, divided the land into a plantation system called Perk. Perk or Kebun was overseen by a landlord known as perkenier and maintained by slaves who were imported from many places. There were 31 perks on Ai Island, 34 Perks in Banda Besar and 3 Perks in Neira One of the largest Nutmeg producers in the Banda archipelago is Rhun Island. This small island was only 3 km square, but Captain Nathaniel Counhope of Britain willingly fought against the VOC in 1616 in order to keep Rhun who had been occupied by Britain since 1603 The Treaty of Westminster then ended the two years of Britain and Dutch war and Rhun was returned to Britain in 1654. But VOC did not give up. Nutmeg was too precious. VOC continued their efforts to take Rhun from the UK. The Dutch and British dispute in Banda ended after the signing of the Breda Treaty on July 31, 1667 one of which contained the submission of Rhun Island from England to the Netherlands. In return, the British gained 59 km2 of Manhattan Island which was then deemed to be sufficient compensation for Rhun Island. Since then the British spread the nutmeg to Zanzibar. And also since the discovery of cooling machine as a substitute for the process of preservation The glory of nutmeg spice continued to decline and never again returned to it's golden age. Forgotten and abandoned. Rhun Island that was once fought over now seems to disappear from the world map. Nothing more than a neverland kept away from the hustle and bustle of modern man. Today Rhun Island that tells a story of Banda and Nutmeg that provoked expeditions around the world, now is lost and forgotten. The Dutch made these Banda islands as a place of exile, this was because these islands are located in the midst of the Banda Sea. They are completely isolated. If someone was thrown here it is impossible for them to run anywhere. New islets are small and easy to control. Actually the exiles to Banda were so many we can read the list of names on the Parigranti monument among others ma Kusuma Sumantri, Cipto Mangunkusumo, Sutan Sjahrir, Muhammad Hatta. Even the Kyais from Banten, Kalimantan and even Palembang were all recorded. In fact, there are many more that we have not found. Tjipto Mangunkusumo was a fighter for Indonesia's independence movement and Soekarno's mentor. Together with Douwes Dekker and Ki Hajar Dewantara, they are known as the triad of founders of lndische Panij, a political organization that came up with the idea of a government carried out by the people not the Dutch. His radical attitude caused Tjipto Mangunkusumo to be exiled to Banda Neira in 1923 and spent 11 years there. Ma Kusuma Sumantri was exiled to Banda in 1930. Iwa was a figure who built his people from many sides. Indonesisch Vereniging is an organization that was followed during his lifetime in the Netherlands, on his proposal also, the organization was renamed the Indonesian Association, and he became chairman at the time. Iwa was the one who changed the Declaration Proclamation. Unlike Hatta, Syahrirwas very cheerman. Syahrir was a pioneer and revolutionary of Indonesian independence. Along with Hana, Cipto and ma. They had succeeded in shaping the basic concept of a unitary state. After Indonesian independence, Syahrir became the founder of the Indonesian Socialist Pany and was appointed first prime minister of Indonesia. The prominent ones are actually Hatta and Sjahrir. Sjahnr is closer to the younger generations, and he is more approachable, so to speak. While Hatta was rather quiet and very focused on his work. D0 not expect other nations to appreciate our country, if we ourselves like to deceive our fellow countrymen, destroying, stealing the wealth of Mother Earth Bung Hatta was a very disciplined person. In fact, if he had returned from the Kastil plantation. They know what time it was. So the Banda people knowing time from Bung Hatta 0h, Bung Hatta had passed. They knew it was 5 pm. Here they built school. Then the Banda children were educated, they were taught only history literacy, and geography. Although his activities were opposed by the colonial government his attempt to instill nationalism to the souls of Banda people never diminished. Name: Riski Jamaludin Home address: next to the subdistrict office. Mister... Mister Glasses Mister... Mister Glasses Hana and Sjahrirwere exiled to Banda in 1936 to 1942 and made the life of the Banda people as a study for the formulation of a new entity known later as Indonesia. The rise and fall of this country is heavily dependent on its own people. As unity and empathy fade. Indonesia is merely the name of a string of islands on the map. The birth of this colony society was the start of todays open Banda society The composition of society that is made up Of various ethnicities, religions, races, and national ethnic groups gives a great influence on the formation of a unique society According to Hatta, Banda was like a miniature nation consisting of various ethnic groups and religious backgrounds. And according to him Banda then becomes one strong united tribe. This Indonesian miniature idea was applied by Hatta by giving Indonesian names to the villages in Banda Neira. Sjahrir liked young people. Each had their own football team, Sjahrir had his own football team, so did Hatta Each had their own boat. Sjahrir had his own boat, and so did Hatta. On these islands where colonialism was born, the Indonesian concept of nationalism boomed. There was a story that Hatia painted his boat red and white paint. When asked by the Dutch, he said 'yes if its sailing on the sea, this will look red, white and blue, the color of the Dutch flag! Hatta's monumental work is the independence of Indonesia, a cooperative based economy, establishing a national army, anti-corruption, the fights for the truth for the nation and its people. In his exile, Hatta wrote down his thoughts and struggles at the Sin fit P0 Newspaper and the Pemandangan daily Even to express love to Rahmi, he wrote the book 'The Nature of Greek Thought' He wrote during his time at Digul and Banda as the dowry Throughout the 77 years of his life Hatta collec1ed 30,000 b0oks. 'I'd volunteer to go to prison, as long as there are books. Because with books I am free.' To commemorate them, the people of Banda named the island of Rosengain as Hatta Island. And Pulau Pisang as Syahrir Island. If we're talking about Indonesia, Banda is Indonesia. All tribes are in Banda. The type of society that exists in Banda is a society with high level of hospitality. Their level of mutual cooperation is also high. So, in our life we respect each other and build mutual tolerance. D0 not seduce or force our officers to break the rules. Presenting the Banda Islands as an experience today is to present an area rich in historical and cultural value. a World Heritage zone that represents the spirit of centuries of exploration. My great grandfather, was among the exiles were banished BantenJ uban, Jogja and Solo. My great grandfather came from China and arrived in Banda more or less in 1910. Intended to trade. When we speak about Banda people today the tribal context in Banda Naira will be lost. Because all of us in Banda Naira today come from various places in Indonesia were dumped by Dutch colonists to Banda Naira as slaves or prisoners of war to manage the plantations of nutmeg built by the Dutch at that time. During the Dutch colonization time, the number of Chinese people were the highest. There were more than 30 families, now there are only 7 or 8 families left. Only the elderly people were left. The children have gone to school and do not want to go back home anymore, everybody else outside of Banda. Previously there were many people in Banda, now it is less. This temple is more than 200 years old. Nobody wants to take care of it, I need to find ways to do small maintenances, just to keep it from crumbling to the ground. So the people of Banda, before the colonial era, before the arrival of the Portuguese and Dutch, they were very pluralist because there were already settled Persians, Arabs, Chinese. The Chinese were the ones who first came here, 2000 or 3000 B.C they have come to Banda. They call this land Wentan, it means Banda. Their influence is very strong, until now our traditions and religion in Banda is influenced by Chinese culture, for example Chinese flag in almost in every old mosque there is a flag originally from China. So it was repaired and they made flags shaped like fish tail as if Chinese influence. Then there was the Chinese writing that they themselves did not understand. In mihrabs (prayer niche) of mosques there were also reliefs that describe Chinese influence, for example: dragons. The King's Kora-kora (Moluccan boat) fleets, including Lautaka, Selamon, Wher, Rosingin used dragons as symbols. Later on, came the influence from Persians and the Arabs. After Banda was completely empty and had no more residents, then VOC or the Netherlands brought people from Java, Sumatera, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and various places in Indonesia. This was what then made Banda as the only place in eastern Indonesia had multicultural and multiethnic. The people of Banda today are composed of various ethnic groups. Whether they were forcibly imported as slaves, some were contract laborers, some were exiles. There are three kinds of societies brought here. The indigenous Banda, still about 15% 115,000. Then there were mixed marriages between them. This mix marriages have been going on for so long, hundreds of years. Finally, the identity of their indigenousness, their initial identity, began to fade. Then they have a new identity as Banda people. This is what I call the second generation of Banda people. The first generation was up to 1621, After that there was a new generation of Banda which went on to this day. Today, you can feel strong acculturation that we can see in the cakalele dance. The cakalele dance itself depicts the entire cultural blend ever entered and intersected with Banda Naira itself. The hat itself is a war hat used by Portuguese troops. They lost and surrendered to the King and that hat was finally worn and juxtaposed on the heads of the cakalele troops themselves. Then we go further to cakalele clothes, why the clothes are dominant in red. The Chinese believe that red is the color of luck. Yellow is the color that came from India. Because at that time Banda also had contact with the kingdom of Majapahit. In year ...more or less, until finally the Princess of Banda was married to the last King of the Majapahit kingdom. Talking about Banda people today, they seem to forget the cultures and the pride of the Banda people, such as the cultures that came from the land of Java or Sumatra or Kalimantan, some of the cultures have been lost, such as way-mg golek is already lost. No one can play the gamelan, no more people can play Javanese musical instruments and cultures from Sumatra they began to disappear. People no longer play the big tambourine with the attractions, had seen before. There is also debuts, which has no regeneration. They pretend to enjoy night entertainments, spend time with TV and in the met rather than learning the history and culture of Banda. I LOVE WIDOW FUNGKYMN/IA For the people of Banda today the former splendor of archaeological sites, monuments, and great historical stories are only seen as strings of shadows of the past. I climbed trees, got down, pick the fruits, sort the good fruits and put them in the perk. I was paid 300 Rupiahs for 1000 fruits. Now I make Suami, sell them and collect the money I made for school fees. Suami is made of cassava. Buy one sack, peel, split, make into suami and sell. In afternoons like this, I steamed five or six and I carry them around, selling by yelling, 'Suami... Suami! like that. Although nutmeg remains an important part which is predicted to increase in demand. The fact that the bad post-harvest management mastery of the results and the difficult access makes Banda nutmeg no longer the primary choice. We often receive explanations from the agricultural service that Banda nutmeg has no customers. Even compared to Grenada or Sri Lanka. Still Banda nutmeg is the best. However, but it depends on how we manage it. If we use the post-harvest like our parents did, there may not be any problem. But here is different now. Just the way this post-harvest managed that makes the quality of Banda nutmeg decrease a little. The nutmeg is placed directly in the curing site. It is dehydrated there and the process needs a very long time. These nutmeg farmers do not have any curing place now, so they are just relying on the sun. It takes only five days so they assume it is dried, then they continue to sell immediately, maybe due to their economic needs, hastily sold. We know if the nutmeg is not completely dry, fungus will grow on it. These fungi distinguish the quality of nutmeg then and now. If nutmeg is dehydrated through curing or dry oven can reach 95% to 100% dehydration, to the extent there is no water content whatsoever. But if we just put them under the sun for a short time, they think it is already dried but actually there is still water content inside which causes fungus. That fungus will produce aflatoxin, a type of poisonous chemical. And in the market, nutmeg has incredible endurance. It could reach 20 years and remains intact. It is not easily wrinkled. What makes me jealous or hungry, the Nutmeg is so good, the curing is so good but there is no difference in price with the nutmeg that is not dry enough. That sometimes makes me feel very jealous. After Japan went away, the government took over all of these assets or plantations that had been previously managed by the Dutch. Taken over. Nationalization. So, it's gone. Until the government authorizes PNP 28, the national plantation company to manage this nutmeg. The time leading up to the reforms, Soekharno took over and then handed to the Provincial Government of Maluku. Then the Maluku Provincial Government is working with the Banda Heritage Foundation. But that too did not work because of its bad management system. It is proven that when the nutmeg plantation was taken over by PT Banda Permai, a joint venture between the Provincial Government and the Banda Heritage Foundation, the lands have been divided into blocks. Later they gave the money to the company But gradually the company went bankrupt. It is proven that with the system, company did not get any results because there are big traders in Surabaya who control the market. If the nutmeg plantation is giving good result, then it is profit, not loss. Just like a company it is not lost but embezzling. There is no company loss. If within 1 year you yield 1.2 Billion, even after you pay all the employees, there is still so much left, but why a loss? The fact is employees are not paid, there are debts of Billions of Rupiahs, where did all the crops g0? Nothing? That means corruption. When the harvest was abundant, suddenly the price is decreased. And when we ask them about how come the price is decreased, they said Surabaya determined the prices. Who are these Surabaya people? How can they just dictate the price? The price supposedly depends on the exporter, to whom we sell the product lf the exporter has high price then automatically we will give higher price to the farmers as well. It all depends on the price mechanism from the higher level. Imagine how abundant the nutmeg crops are, but how little we get ...the money There is no hope for these nutmegs. Nothing. I don't even know how to answer. We are working hard to live tomorrow, and work tomorrow to stay alive the next day That goes on every day for a year. I feel pity for the people, these farmers. Because in Banda Besar, 60% to 70% livelihood of these inhabitants are nutmeg farmers. It should be up to the farmers, to whom they want to sell their harvest. Up to them, its their harvest. Despite having a pluralism charmer the people's lives in Banda are not completely free from the tenor of intolerance and horizontal conflicts. 911999, when religious conflicts hit Maluku. Banda which for hundreds of years was built on a multicultural foundation was also part of the sad story. I did not expect at all to see for myself this kind of riot happening in the Moluccas. And the impact eventually reached Banda. At one time, happened to be... There was a party, there may have been alcoholic drinks involved, and there was a fight on the island of Hatta and there were casualties. And it was then rumored that someone was killed because of religious conflict. The chaos was big in Banda. Until there were a lot of burnings in the city of Naira. And I was sitting with my daughters, we watched the fire in the city of Naira. I did not think that the incident will reach our place. Stones were thrown from all sides. I finally secured my family in an empty house that I considered safe, I kept telling them 'just lock everything from inside, nothing will happen. Then I went back home to retrieve the documents I left behind. Suddaby they started to come close and surrounded the house. The doors were broken open, slammed here and there. So I was in a panic. So I jumped out of the window. I was about to be hacked but because it was dark, I could still save myself. And there happened to be an empty house again, well, not empty but all of the people were outside. Without them knowing, I hid under the bed, I could not hide my whole body, because there were these objects below the bed, broken glasses, and all. I had a bad feeling. There was a sweeping. People shouting in the streets a lot of people, Find Pongky! Kill him! He is not Indonesian! He is a Dutchman! Kill him! Pull out his eyes! Chop him up like 'bakasang'! I thought to myself, this is it. It turned out they did not see my legs protruding. They left the house and still shouting. Five minutes later I got out. I heard there was a new sweeping there, I dug a hole in the sand and I lay there buried myself under the sand with only my face on the surface, covered with leaf. I stayed there until 3 am. At 3 in the morning it happened to be raining. I got out of the sand. Hid behind a school in the plantation area, and went into the plantation area. Until night time. At that night, I wanted to know the condition of my family. So, there happened to be a relative of mine who lived in the area. He was shocked when he saw me. He ran to me and hugged me. He whispered, he said that all my Family was butchered, all dead. Hell my whole body was weak instantly, I collapsed. I asked for three cigarettes, he gave me three cigarettes with the matches, and l returned to my hiding place. Not far, about 20 meters walking I realized that they did come to the house and attacked. Ah, l thought my family is gone. All dead. Then what's the use of me living? They might as well kill me now. My mind was made up at that time. So, I went back to my relative's house. When I reached his house again, I saw there were a lot of people. Determined to die, I yelled at them. Who are you looking for? Looking for me? This is Pongky! Ah when they heard me, immediately they surrounded me in the shape of a horseshoe with me in the middle. They told me to take off my shoes, I did. I prayed silently I asked God to forgive me and the rest of my family I was ready to die. Right before I closed my eyes, I saw them stepping towards me with their machetes, and suddenly I heard this single voice shouted. It was the security officer from the army He saved me. He held my hand while aiming his gun to the people surrounding me. Shouted to them not to move. That's it. I was saved. Tracing the dark streets of Banda and today's nutmeg is an attempt to retrieve the former glory. Learn how the fall occurs for a better possibility in the future. My name is Shaflra Boflen. Now I work in Babalagun hotel. Previously I went to Ambon for college and came back here in 2014. I want to do something for Banda. I still think if it is not us young people, then who else? Because I have so many friends who studied in college, but they went away instead of coming back here. I'm sure five years in the future, there will be more people in Banda than it is now. I hope in the future more younger generation learn further about history Because it teaches us who we were in the past, how we are today and what will happen to us in the future. So learn about who we are. We learn and must keep learning. And I also wish for those Banda cultures to resurface again, revived again, Because the Banda culture shows the identity of Banda in the past, in the present and in the future. My name is Mita. My full name is Miryannka Alwi but people often call me Mita. While I stay in Banda, I am helping my family take care of our hotel. I also have a Colorful Generation Foundation. We teach children to be creative as well to know more about their environment, to increase further awareness that we need trees, and we really need the sea. Banda can be developed as a site for cultural visits. I know we have beautiful natural sceneries, marine resources are very good, but I think more people can go to Banda to see the historical sites. I hope visits to Banda can happen more regularly. I really do not want Banda to be the second Bali. With hundreds of thousands of people just visiting, walking around, without any understanding of what they see because all you can see here, the perkenier houses, the fortress, the churches, they are so unique. I especially hope cultural tourism can be developed. Apparently, we have history of greatness, have a great culture have a kind society have a familiar and open society and therefore they have high expectations of Banda in the future. These expectations, among others, have been realized by themselves, which is to make Banda as a World Heritage site. Banda may go forward to be modem society but we must stay like this. We must live within our cultural value system, we are mutually respecting one another, these relationship of intimacy needs to be continuously maintained, we do not want to be a modern Banda but the society is ruined. The government should no longer build big buildings, just enough to restore colonial buildings and make offices there. We had two esplanades, two green open areas which are fields, we call them Lapangan Raja and Lapangan Cipto. These two big fields are now gone, no longer being green areas. They are now filled with government offices that do not depict the old citt of Naira at all. There is a school there, prosecutor's office as well as a Ministry of Religious Affairs office and so on. Nothing is left. It used to be an open green space. There was the statue of William Ill and there used to be enough place for people to relax there. There is also office of the subdistrict head, the village head's house in the place that used to be an open space. Well they want the future Banda to maintain its authenticity To remain 17th century colonial city. ATALE FOR DIEN TNVIAELA l am Pattiradjawane Whom the gods watch over, I alone. I am Pattiradjawane Foam of the sea. The sea is my blood. I am Pattiradjawane When I was born The gods brought me an oar I am Pattiradjawane guarding the nutmeg groves. I am fire on the shore. Whoever COITIES HEBI' Must call my name three times. In the nighttime quiet, seaweed dances To the sound of my drum, Nutmeg trees become maidens' bodies And live till dawn. Dance! Be happy! Forget everything! But take care not to make me angry. I'll kill the nut trees, stiffen the maidens, I'll bring down the gods! I'm in the night, in the day In the rhythm of the seaweed and in fire That roasts the island... I am Pattiradjawane Whom the gods watch over, I alone. Chairil Anwar 'Forgetting a nation's historical past, will only bring the demise of its future.' |
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