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Nise: The Heart of Madness (2015)
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Good morning. NISE NISE The Heart of Madness NATIONAL PSYCHIATRIC CENTER Good morning. I'm Dr. Nise da Silveira, Dr. Nelson is expecting me. One second, please. Eugenia, Dr. Nise is here. I was waiting for you. Come with me please. The cafeteria is now on the other side. This is the women's ward and here is the men's. Open the door, please. No, I don't want to. Stay still. Relax. I don't want to. Let's go, doctor. I don't want to. No. You've already seen the courtyard. We let the patients come out depending on their status. When the most aggressive ones are here, nobody goes in. Let's go, doctor. - Through there, doctor. - Thank you. Well, as I was saying, the method is the result of research carried out by Egas Moniz, from Portugal, who has won the Nobel Prize for medicine. A lobotomy is prescribed to psychotic patients who in obsessive states, show a high degree of aggressiveness which prevents them from having a healthy social life. The surgery is done through bilateral trepanation on the inferior frontal region. Here you can see the thalamus and the cut. This white substance in the frontal lobe, is what prevents the connections. Gentlemen, the results are very satisfactory. We are talking about patients who were responsible for the destruction of their families, and now live in harmony with them. In USA, Dr. Walter Freeman found a cheap and unusual instrument to do it. An ice pick which enabled him to cure thousands of patients in a short period of time. Thanks to lobotomy, psychiatry is now a medical specialty. Thank you, gentlemen. I would like to use this moment to introduce Dr. Nise da Silveira, who is returning as a psychiatrist in this hospital. To continue our meeting, let's hear Dr. Marcelo Mouro's lecture about electroconvulsive therapy. Doctors, electroconvulsive therapy is the most advanced treatment tor mental illness. The method was developed in the 30s and consists of inducing convulsion through electricity. Bring in the patient, please. Let me go. Get me off of here. Let me go. Let me go. Get me out of here. Get me out. Help me! I don't want to. This patient suffers from schizophrenia. Most cases resistant to every kind of treatment disappeared after this procedure. Please, pass me the electrodes. As you can see, the electrodes can be used uni or bilaterally Then you just turn this on and press this button. The convulsion can last up to 40 seconds. The patient shouldn't eat tor 2 hours before the procedure, as it can cause vomiting. We have had great results both in catatonia and in acute schizophrenia. Excuse me, doctor, how is the dosage determined? The charge should be enough for the loss of consciousness and convulsion. How much is enough? - Depends on each case. - How about this case? Around 30 amperes. How did you reach this conclusion, Doctor? By experience. You'll get used to it. I don't believe in healing through violence, Nelson. Science has evolved in the past few years. Our success rate with lobotomy is up to 90%, results comparable with the best surgical centers in Europe and North America. I can't do that. Nise, then you can't treat here. There is a sector run by the nurses. The funds are low, but I think we can do something there. I know you're overqualified for that, but it's what we have for you. OTS: Occupational Therapy Sector. There is so much to do in this country, instead of having fun, cheering up the patient. Occupational therapy? Do you know what that is, Nise? Do you? It will compromise your career. I don't care about my career, Mario. Especially as, this is the only way for me to stay at the hospital. Nobody cares about that sector, that's why it's run by orderlies. Mario, if I cared about what other people think, I wouldn't do anything. I know what's better for me. I want to work. The other day Lord Byron peed on my suit. You shouldn't say that. It's not true. Our cats are very well-behaved, Mario. Right... Let's start the fun. Place your bets in my hand. Get ready. Go. Good morning. - Good morning. - Good morning. I don't know if anyone told you, I'm Dr. Nise da Silveira, and as of today I'm in charge of this sector. Pull up a chair, please. - Sit down. - I'm fine standing. And you are? Ivone. - And you? - Lima. I want to start by understanding what you do here. - We put the patients... - We put the nutcases to work. Fixing stuff, cleaning the toilets, sweeping. After years away, I'm shocked by the state of the hospital, but I count on you to make this place at least pleasant. All right? Lima, you can start by taking out the trash. Ivone, are there any cleaning products? Doctor, I'm not paid to clean this place, ok. Well then, Ivone, it's just the two of us. A bucket, a broom. People decide what trash is. People decide. What are you looking for in the trash? What's your name? People decide what trash is. Seeds aren't trash. Seeds are to be planted. Seeds are to be planted. People decide what trash is. Trash is trash. Good morning. Excuse me, gentlemen. I need your attention. I'm taking control of the OTS and would like to know how I can collaborate with you. What kind of collaboration? I'm thinking about introducing new activities to supplement the treatment. On this form you should prescribe the therapy based on the needs of your patients. On the back, write your objectives and I'll take it from there. I'm sure that many will benefit. Some sewing won't hurt anyone. Occupational therapy. Sorry, I used the wrong term. - I'm thinking about... - I have to go, Doctor. I have a lot of patients to treat. Explain to me later. Let's go. Don't take this. Put it down. Let's go. Welcome. Come in. Come on in. Don't touch anything. Hands off. You can't play with that. Come here. Lima, stand up. Let's sit on the ground. I want to sit in a circle, so everyone can see each other. I want to tell you my name. It's Nise. We need to organize. I need to learn about you so that we can... Get started. Let's sit down. I won't say it again. Sit. Lima, quiet. Leave them alone, Lima. Leave them alone. Ivone, let them make themselves comfortable. Nobody needs to sit down. Let them do whatever they want to. Seeds are to be planted. You can come in. What is your name? I'm Carlinhos, Carlinhos. - Sertanejo. - Sertanejo can come in too. Sit down, nutcase. Sit down. I'm not crazy, the craziness got in me. Help me, sit down. Doctor... Listen, observe... Shut up. What they say here is precious. This is the base of our work. Listen, observe and shut up. Carlinhos. Do you want to plant these seeds outside? Seeds to be planted. Seeds are life that make life, that makes seeds, that make life. Seeds are to be planted. - Good morning, Eugnia - Good morning, Doctor. Eugnia, does this woman always sleep like this? I don't know, but she hasn't got out of bed for two days. Clean this patient. Adelina. Why didn't you go outside? Sorry, are you feeling all right? Any pain? She is pretty, Adelina. Is she yours? I'm sorry, I didn't mean to. - I wanted to know... - Get out. Get out, demon. Get out. Calm down, Adelina. She is violent, doctor. - That's enough. - This has to dry out. What happened to him? Another nutcase beat him up. Some drooling animal. He is in the cell again. - Cell? - Yes, he's always there. If he's out, he could kill someone. Get out of here. Lucio, would you lend me that cloth? You know what this is? A ball for us to play with. Shall we play a little? Lucio. Lucio, over here. Let's play ball, Lucio. Look. Hey you, please help me. Sorry, I can't come down. It's not safe for you to be there. - What's your name? - Almir. Weren't you ever a kid, Almir? Yes. So come down here and play with us. Just a second. Let's play a little bit, have some fun. Great. It's mine. Calm down. Relax. Goal! It should be simple. You have an entire sector to manage and you meddle with other people's affairs. The poor guy was in solitary confinement for two days. He is psychotic and very aggressive. He just needs to be treated like a human being. Nise, you have no idea, he is very violent. Dr. Nelson, do you know what could be a good idea. Doctor, where is that form? Where do I sign? Octvio, you can't do that. Let him do it, Ivone. Almir, how are you? - Good morning. - Good morning. Sit down. Excuse me. Doctor, I can see that you are shaking things up around here. You know that I'm interested in fine arts. Really? So I've decided to ask you if you wouldn't be interested in having an art studio here. An art studio? It would be great. But we don't have money. No one cares about this sector. You already have people to work here and I can try to get some materials for us to start. - Why are you bringing him here? - They told me to. So anything goes here now, eh? Is he medicated? What's wrong? What's wrong? Lucio... They told me to bring him here. He's calm now. Lucio, how are you? He's hurt, my God. Let's try to find something interesting tor you to do. Fernando. How are you feeling? How are you feeling? Do you want to go to my office, to take your mind off of it and get some rest? Easy, easy. Look at this. I don't believe it! What is this mess? What the hell is this? What's the matter? This is shit. He does this with his own shit, and I'm the one who has to clean it. Clean it, then. It is your job, after all. Unbelievable. Adelina? Adelina? Did you make that doll? Let's go for a walk? Good morning, Adelina. - Now the fun can start. - Let's get to work then. Right now. Do you want to do a little painting? Pedro? We have gouache and oil paints. Want to paint, Octvio? Want to paint, Carlinhos? Just for inspiration. Ivone, leave her. Carlinhos, I am Carlinhos. Come here. Doctor. There is a patient here painting another. Listen. Lima, Ivone and Almir. From now on, let's avoid the term patient. We are working for these people. We are the ones who have to be patient. They are our clients, clear? Clients? I was saying that there is a client that is painting another client. I don't know if it's toxic. You said not to interfere. Exactly Lima, leave them alone. That's beautiful, Raphael. Ivone, He needs to be cleaned again. Get out. I'm going to get you. I will catch you. Get out of there. I told you to behave. What's going on? Let him go. Let him go now! He's an animal. I'm telling you to leave him alone. I will not tolerate violence here. This is the last time. I told you he's trouble. Mario? I'm coming. Don't let me get old here. Happy birthday to you Happy birthday, dear Nise... Here you are. It was translated to French. Carl Gustav Jung. Let me borrow your glasses. That's it. Choose where you want to paint. What's wrong? Isn't that beautiful? When Carlos was committed he said he saw God in the sun rays that reflected in his room's mirror. He wanted everyone to see what he was seeing. Do you know that, in many Eastern religions, the golden flower symbolizes the presence of God Jung says that the psyche, just like any other living organism, has the potential to reorganize, self-heal, that manifests itself in circular figures. So we can conclude that his attempt to reorganize happens through his mystical side. - At least for now... - Marta. How are you? Doctor, this is Marta. She's a friend of mine who's also an artist. She wants to start an internship here. Almir said that the artwork is great and I would love to see it. Give me that book, Ivone. I'm going to lend you these books. When you've read both of them, we'll see. But for now, you can sit down. Can you stay with us too, Ivone? - Yes, Ma'am. - Excellent. Raphael Domingues. He started working when he was 14 right after his dad abandoned his family. The first symptoms started around that time. Then he started hearing voices, seeing shadowy figures, having thoughts about alienation, persecution and lack of control. He was committed when he was 19. He's 25 now. I was talking to Raphael's mother and she gave me these drawings that he did when he was 13. Beautiful. He used to work as an illustrator he even won awards. Now he only draws these scribbles. My dears, today is a special day. That's why I want each one of you to choose an outfit that you think is very pretty. Who's going first? Did you pick an outfit? To put shoes on, you need an outfit. Pick an outfit. You can't wear a dress. Are you going to wear panties too? - Are you a woman? - What? You are a woman. Grab my dick and see if I'm a woman. Grab my dick. - Stop it, Octvio. - Grab my dick. - Grab my dick. - Stop it. Let's make a line here. That's great. Let's go. - Shall we go? - Yes. Slowly. Wait for your friends. Slowly. Doctor! I took the liberty of inviting someone else. I saw in his eyes that he wanted to come. No one will miss him. What's his name? - Emygdio. - Sit down, Emygdio. It's ok, Ivone, they are not kids. But they are going everywhere. That's what I want, they never get to spread out. Today is for going wherever you want. Who's there? Who's there? Emygdio, I want to ask you a favor. Can you hold this brush for me? Thank you. Now I will ask you to take some paint from here to here. It's looking good. Put some white over here. Mix the white with blue. The green looks nice. That mountain looks great. Doctor, I won't teach anyone how to work. Get her something to do. All right, Carlinhos. Marta, come here, please. Stay with Raphael. Do you only draw dashes? Pay attention to your drawing, Raphael. Draw something. Draw a house or a donkey. Don't interfere, Marta. He will draw whatever he wants if he wants to. What do I do? You can talk to him if he asks something. Raphael is drawing a donkey. I think Raphael just needed a muse. Marta. From now on I want you exclusively with him. This piece is by Carlos. Both of these. They aren't signed. We need to write their names, date it and put their number. That is very important. - Good morning, Pedro. - Good morning. Prof. Carl Gustav Jung, Master, in the Pedro II Psychiatric Center in Rio de Janeiro, there is a studio where patients draw and paint in complete freedom. No suggestions are given. No models are proposed. With my most respectful regards I'm sending you some pictures of paintings that look like mandalas or similar forms. They were spontaneously painted by the schizophrenics. Thus, primal images arise from their paintings presenting an empirical and convincing demonstration of analytical psychology. There is no cultural influence whatsoever. I can't even begin to explain, Master, how much your books have helped my work as a psychiatrist and they personally helped me a lot as well. With admiration, Nise da Silveira. The fat one will swallow the nigger, right Lima? The fat one will swallow the nigger, right Lima? You are a young doctor, you should be more open minded. He's here just because he helps with the laundry. He's here just because he helps with the laundry. The chronic and incurable should be transferred to Jacarepagua hospital. I want you to look at this and tell me if this is the work of someone incurable. Fernando's work intrigues me, Almir. Fernando's work intrigues me, Almir. Look at this room he painted with all the objects out of place, completely chaotic. Then he paints an empty room where he builds the the structure of the house. The walls, floor... Little by little, he adds objects, The walls, floor... Little by little, he adds objects, books, an aquarium... And then, finally, he paints all the objects together And then, finally, he paints all the objects together in an organized structure. I think he is finding his place. One more of Carlos' pieces here. Take these mandalas from here and put all of Carlos' on this table, it is easier to organize. on this table, it is easier to organize. Lima, grab Emygdio's piece for me. Why? This is Fernando's place. I know, but these pieces have a lot in common. - They are kind of impressionist. - No, Almir. Sorry, but you can't. Sorry, but you can't. If it's not by author and in chronological order, it makes no sense. Get ready. Say cheese. This is our friend, Mario Pedrosa. This is our friend, Mario Pedrosa. He came to see your work. Would you like something to drink? Yes, please. - Want anything? Cake? - Cake, please. - Want anything? Cake? - Cake, please. Have you seen who's here, Marta? - Who? - Pedrosa. Mario Pedrosa, the critic? Mario Pedrosa, the greatest art critic in Brazil. Do you know Mario Pedrosa? Do you know Mario Pedrosa? He is holding one of his warriors. Is that a warrior? This is the image of the woman and a flower. This is the image of the woman and a flower. It's extraordinary to find such artwork in a place like this. It's amazing how they translate their unconscious into art with no technical knowledge. Emygdio, for example, used to be a mechanic in the Navy. Emygdio, for example, used to be a mechanic in the Navy. Where is he? Over there, sitting on the bench. He's been here for more than 20 years. You know his diagnosis? Chronic, incurable. Excuse me, Mario. Doctors, I'm glad you came. I can finally show you my work. Do you want some cake? - We're just passing through. - I'll be quick, I promise. - We're just passing through. - I'll be quick, I promise. When I started the activities of the art studio, I noticed that abstraction was constant in the clients' production. However, by interacting in a welcoming and free space, However, by interacting in a welcoming and free space, such as the OTS, geometric figures began to arise, especially the circle, the perfect shape. Schizophrenia is associated with the loss ol logical language, Schizophrenia is associated with the loss ol logical language, but today I'm sure they are communicating in a different language. A language we've forgotten and that we must learn again. A language we've forgotten and that we must learn again. These images, doctors, are images of the unconscious. I read the reports about the progress in the sector, but you omitted something, but you omitted something, when will one of your patients be cured? I don't know when they will be cured, I don't even know if they will, but I'm sure they are better than before. But I'm sure they are better than before. Look at them. Look at what your patient, Lcio, is making. He's never studied drawing, sculpture... sculpture... Weren't you informed of the progress in his behavior? Frankly, Dr. Nise, our job is to cure the patients, not comfort them. Dr. Cezar, you don't cure anyone. You use your patients for your sadistic experiments. Excuse me. Brute force is the only advantage you have over them. You also use this hospital to test your theories. You also use this hospital to test your theories. That's typical of communists, to call humanism their personal ambition. My instrument is a brush, yours is an ice-pick. Yours is an ice-pick. You need to talk to each other. Talk to him, Aurlio. Hey, Emygdio. Do you remember me? Look at me. Look at me. Look at me, Emygdio. Look at me. It's your brother, Aurlio. See? See? Great idea to come here... He's not getting better. Yes, he is getting better. Calm down, let me talk to him. Emygdio, your brother is here, talk to him. Emygdio, your brother is here, talk to him. Talk, Emygdio. Let's go. My mother is still coming. I want my mother. Calm down. Calm down. Do you know what this surgery, Do you know what this surgery, lobotomy, will do to Fernando? lobotomy, will do to Fernando? It will destroy a part of his brain. Fernando will lose the ability to feel. Look at him in the newspaper. The critic said he is a great artist, Mrs. Carmen. - He did? - Yes. - Can I keep this? - Of course. It was just jealousy, it can happen to anyone. Look at the beautiful things Fernando is doing. This looks like a house I used to work in. He went there with me every week. He was 8 or 9 years old. He loved to sit in the room listening to Violeta play the piano. - Who is Violeta? - My boss' daughter. He went nuts when she got married. Well, then. That's it, Mrs. Carmen, Fernando is trying to tell us a story that he lived. Give him a chance. Here it is. Fernando's mother withdrew the authorization tor his lobotomy. You know that this isn't ethical. You shouldn't have done it to a colleague. Dr. Cezar is in charge of this patient. I don't regret it. He doesn't care about Fernando. I did what I thought was right. Whatever happens to the patient from now on is your responsibility. Let's sit here for a while. Look at Lima. Come here, Fernando. Do you want to go? Do you? Let's go? Come, Fernando. Help me, Almir. Slowly. - This is great. - Where are the dogs? This is great. What a surprise. It's Jung! Mario, look at this! What's this, Nise Jung? A letter? Jung, Mario. Look what he says... He thinks I'm a man. Jung is also sexist. That's not a problem. He is very impressed with the quality of the artwork which is rare in schizophrenics. He advises me to learn more about the history of each of my patients. He also says... "It seems like your patients work surrounded by people that are not afraid of the unconscious." Another client arrived. Who wants to meet him? Calm, easy. This one already has an owner. I'm giving him to Lcio, the creator of the warriors. - He's mine. - Clean your hands. Don't cover him in clay. Don't squeeze him too much. Careful because his paw is hurt. It's meal time. Where are the bowls? This isn't yours. Doctor. - Doctor, please. - Would you like to come in? No, I'm fine here. Animals are not allowed in the hospital. You will have to fix this before we get fined. But they are good for the clients. Animals generate affection. This has been great tor their treatment. They are filthy and defecate all over the hospital. Everybody is complaining. Doctors, nurses, orderlies. These animals work as co-therapists. Animals as co-therapists? Frankly, you have lost all sense of reality. I don't know what to tell you. If they are suddenly taken away from the clients it will be a catastrophe. Scabies, ticks, the smell... It's out of control. As if the hospital didn't already stink. These animals take more baths than your patients in the infirmary. Doctor I don't care about your opinion and if this anarchy doesn't end, you will be punished. Please, keep this door shut. Music. What about the music, Fernando? The open window looking at the landscape... Someday it opens... but it's a lot of work. You can see the structure is a bit curvy. Emygdio always starts with these short strokes and from them he structures the rest of the painting. They're "dotz". - What? "Dotz"? - "Dotz", the "dotz". He came up with it this brush movement. We've spent years studying an history, methods and painters from all over the world, to suddenly find this here, in a psychiatric hospital. Emygdio, you are one of the best painters in Brazil. I'm not a painter, I'm a worker. But, while I'm inside here, I'm going to paint. This work isn't just a medical investigation, Nise. It's also artistic and political too. I've talked to a lot of people about the revolution you're having in this hospital. We have to get this art out of here, people need to see this. You are alone, at the mercy of your reactionary colleagues. Science will not save your work, it's art and the public opinion. Get down, Octvio. Let's go, it's time to sleep. We're finishing up here. Close up and give the key to Luizinho. Let's go? Let's go, Raphael. Let's go? Let's go, Raphael. "Fishie." Emygdio wants to go back home. I would like to know what happened between both of you. We were neighbors and very young. We were close, but nothing important. Actually, I did like him. But he joined the Navy and started to travel a lot. I spent a long time without seeing him. It was hard. So you married his brother? Yes, but he got sick. He and his brother stopped talking because of all this. What about this request? Do you think that taking Emygdio home could work out? I don't know. I have to talk to my husband. I think that... He's painting, right? - Isn't he better? - No. He is still in treatment. Everybody dancing. Look out, a snake! I'm lying. I've never seen them like this. I wonder what our distinguished psychiatrists are saying. It looks like our artist is ready to leave. Don't worry, we'll take care of him. How will you support Emygdio? With his art work, Doctor. - Let's go to the party? - Let's go. Let's cheer up. Raphael, look at me. I have to tell you something. Something great's happened. I got a scholarship, and I'm going to London. I won't be able to come here for a while, but I... I'll be back. Understand? I promise I'll be back. Ivone, see what's wrong with Raphael. Marta. What happened? I told him, Doctor. - I told him. - Did you? Now leave him alone. - Me and Raphael... - There is no "Me and Raphael" It's Raphael. There is only Raphael. - Do you understand? - Calm down. I'm not angry, Almir! Stop whining, it's messing up the party. Attention, ladies and gentlemen. A round of applause for our newest oldest artist, Emygdio de Barros. Tell us what will you do when you leave. Good evening. I would like to tell all my colleagues that while I am here I will continue painting and... But you won't paint here, you will paint out of here. - Right? - It's here... this machine inside. They killed them! They killed them! What happened? Ivone? Ivone, I need you. Now's not the time. Go help Fernando. Almir, go get help. Call the manager. Help Lucio. Why give them and then take away? Stop it, Lucio. Why give them and then take away? Why give them? Lucio, stop. Dr. Cezar, where is Lucio? Please, don't do anything to him. You've seen the beautiful things he's been making. He is expressing himself and showing affection. Affection? He almost killed a nurse. He was brought to that. He couldn't take the loss and freaked out. Please, our treatment can't be interrupted. Lucio is my problem. Don't worry about it. Everything is under control. [DO NOT FEAR THE UNCONSCIOUS] - EXHIBIT - ARTISTS FROM ENGENHO DE DENTRO Just a minute, Mario. Forgive me, Marta. I don't want to hurt those I love, but when I realize it, it's done. Go, study and come back soon. We have a lot more to do here. Ladies and gentlemen, excuse me. Excuse me, please. I would now like to say a few words. One of the most powerful functions of art is the exposure of the unconscious. Which is just as mysterious in the normal as in the so-called abnormal. The images of the unconscious are only a symbolic language that psychiatry must decipher. But nothing prevents these paintings from being harmonious, dramatic, captivating, alive or beautiful, such as true works of an. This is an opportunity to see what conventional psychiatry is attempting to stifle. Ladies and gentlemen, I now present you the work of great new Brazilian artists Raphael Domingues, Lucio Noeman, Carlos Pertuis, Adelina Gomes, Emygdio de Barros, Fernando Diniz, Octvio Incio. I would also like to introduce you the person responsible for all of this. Dr. Nise da Silveira. I think like Antonin Artaud. There are 10 thousand ways to do something with your life... and belong to your own time. You want me to repeat the sentence? There are 10 thousand ways to belong to life and to fight for your own time. We intend to recuperate men who are considered garbage. Towards a socially useful life. And maybe even richer than the lives they were leading before. Enough, you're killing me. The curtains have come down. Tetrazzini has already sung the highest note. Tetrazzini was an old sing... Are you recording this, you nutcase? You are? |
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